Section 3: Digital health space, shared medical file and pharmaceutical file

Articles in this section · 13

Article L1111-23

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

In order to promote the coordination, quality, continuity of care and safe dispensing of the medicinal products, products and articles defined in article L. 4211-1 and implantable medical devices, a pharmaceutical record is automatically opened for each beneficiary of the health insurance scheme, unless the beneficiary or his/her legal representative objects. The beneficiary or his/her legal representative is informed of the opening of this file, the conditions under which it operates and the procedures for closing it. The beneficiary concerned or his/her legal representative is also informed of the procedures for exercising his/her right to object before the pharmaceutical record is opened.

Unless the patient objects to the pharmacist having access to his pharmaceutical record and to the information being added to it, all dispensing pharmacists are obliged to add information to the pharmaceutical record when dispensing. Under the same conditions, pharmacists practising in a pharmacy for internal use consult and add to this file when health information systems allow. Information from this file which is useful for coordinating care is transferred to the shared medical file under the conditions set out in article L. 1111-15.

Unless the patient is duly informed to the contrary, the doctor treating the patient in a health establishment, an army hospital or the Institution Nationale des Invalides, or the medical biologist, may consult the patient's pharmaceutical record under the conditions mentioned in the second paragraph.

The pharmaceutical record is implemented by the Conseil national de l'ordre des pharmaciens mentioned in article L. 4231-2.

A decree by the Conseil d'Etat, issued after consultation with the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés and the Conseil national de l'ordre des pharmaciens, sets the conditions for application of this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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