Section 1: General provisions

Articles in this section · 6

Article D4163-6

French Labour CodeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

The industry professional benchmark referred to in II of article L. 4163-2 is approved by a joint order of the ministers responsible for labour and social affairs after receiving the opinion of the Conseil d'orientation des conditions de travail.

It may only be drawn up by a professional organisation which is representative in the branch concerned, within the limits of its field of activity.

Only one reference framework may be drawn up for each branch or for each field of activity within a branch, and no other reference framework may be used in the same branch or in the same field of activity for the jobs, professions or work situations it identifies.

The reference system presents the impact of collective and individual protection measures on the exposure of workers to the occupational risk factors mentioned in Article L. 4163-1. With a view to examining the application for approval, it shall be accompanied by any data enabling the number of workers in the branch concerned exposed to the occupational risk factors mentioned in Article L. 4163-1 to be assessed in excess of the thresholds set in Article D. 4163-2.

The occupational reference framework for the branch is re-evaluated at intervals which it determines and which may not exceed five years.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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