Section 1: Processing of criminal records

Articles in this section · 14

Article R40-33

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I.-The right to object provided for in article 38 of Law no. 78-17 of 6 January 1978 relating to information technology, files and freedoms does not apply to this processing operation.

Any person identified in the file as a victim may, however, object to personal data concerning him or her being kept in the file once the perpetrator has been convicted. Such persons shall be informed of their right to object.

II.-Without prejudice to the application of article R. 40-31, the rights of information, access, rectification and deletion provided for in articles 70-18 to 70-20 of the same law may be exercised directly with the data controller.

III.-In order to avoid hindering investigations, enquiries and administrative or judicial proceedings and to avoid prejudicing investigations, prosecutions or the enforcement of criminal penalties, the rights of access, rectification and deletion may be subject to restrictions pursuant to 2° and 3° of II and III of article 70-21 of the same law.

The person concerned by these restrictions shall exercise his/her rights with the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés under the conditions provided for in article 70-22 of the same law.

The request sent to the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés is processed within six months. Upon receipt of the request, the data controller has one and a half months to refer the matter to the public prosecutor. This period may be extended by a further month if the processing of the request requires complex investigations. The Commission is informed of this by the data controller. The Public Prosecutor has three months to decide what action to take on the request. He shall communicate his instructions to the data controller who, within fifteen days, shall inform the Commission of the action taken on the request.

Where the information contained in the processing operation is the subject of legal proceedings, it may only be communicated if these proceedings have been closed. However, the Commission may determine, with the agreement of the data controller, that personal data recorded does not involve State security, defence or public safety and that it should therefore be communicated to the interested party, with the agreement of the public prosecutor when the proceedings have not been closed.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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