Paragraph 2: Procedure before the liberty and custody judge

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Article R3211-33-1

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

I.-When the director of the institution refers a case to the liberty and custody judge, in application of II of article L. 3222-5-1, the request is presented under the conditions set out in article R. 3211-10.

The application must be accompanied by the documents mentioned in article R. 3211-12 , as well as any previous seclusion or restraint decisions taken with regard to the patient and any other information likely to enlighten the judge.

II - The director will inform the patient that the matter has been referred to the liberty and custody judge. He will inform the patient that he may be assisted or represented by a chosen lawyer, appointed under the legal aid scheme or appointed by the court.

He will also inform the patient that he may ask to be heard by the liberty and custody judge and that he will be represented by a lawyer if the judge decides not to proceed with his hearing in the light of the medical opinion provided for in the second paragraph of III of Article L. 3211-12-2. Where appropriate, the Director shall obtain the patient's acceptance or refusal of a hearing by telecommunication.

The Director shall inform the patient that he or she may have access to the documents attached to the request, in compliance with the provisions of Article L. 1111-7 in the case of documents forming part of the medical file. The cooling-off period provided for in the second paragraph of Article L. 1111-7 is not applicable.

III.The Director shall send the following information and documents to the court registry by any means capable of establishing a definite date of receipt, within ten hours of registering the request:

1° Where applicable, the name of the lawyer chosen by the patient or the indication that he/she is requesting that a lawyer be appointed to assist or represent him/her;

2° Where applicable, the patient's wish to be heard by the liberty and custody judge and his/her acceptance or refusal of a hearing by means of telecommunication;

3° If the patient asks to be heard by the liberty and custody judge, a doctor's opinion as to whether there are any medical grounds preventing him or her, in his or her interest, from being heard and whether the use of telecommunications is compatible with his or her mental state;

4° Any documents that the patient intends to produce.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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