Section 1: Merger

Articles in this section · 16

Article R236-4

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

Any joint stock company participating in a merger operation shall make the following documents available to its shareholders at its registered office at least thirty days before the date on which the general meeting or competent body is called upon to vote on the draft terms of merger:

1° The draft terms of merger;

2° Where applicable, the reports referred to in articles L. 236-9 and L. 236-10 when the operation is carried out between public limited companies;

3° The annual accounts approved by the general meetings and the management reports for the last three financial years of the companies involved in the operation ;

4° An accounting statement prepared using the same methods and in the same format as the last annual balance sheet, drawn up as at a date which, if the last annual accounts relate to a financial year ending more than six months before the date of the draft terms of merger, must be less than three months before the date of the draft terms of merger or, where applicable, the half-yearly financial report provided for in Article L. 451-1-2 of the Monetary and Financial Code, where this has been published.

For the application of 3°, if the transaction is decided before the annual accounts for the last financial year have been approved, or less than thirty days after their approval, the shareholders shall be provided with the approved and certified accounts for that financial year and the approved annual accounts for the two previous financial years, as well as the management reports. If the Board of Directors has not yet approved them, the accounting statement referred to in 4° and the approved annual accounts for the two previous financial years, together with the management reports, shall be made available to the shareholders.

Any shareholder may, on simple request and free of charge, obtain a copy of all or part of the aforementioned documents.

In addition, any limited liability company to which Article L. 236-10 is applicable shall make available to its members, under the conditions provided for above, the report provided for in that Article. In the event of a written consultation, this report is sent to the members together with the draft resolution submitted to them.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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