Section 1: Merger

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Article R236-1

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

The draft terms of merger are drawn up by the board of directors, the management board or the manager(s) of each of the companies participating in the proposed transaction.

It contains the following particulars:

1° The form, name and registered office of all the participating companies;

2° The reasons, aims and conditions of the merger;

3° The designation and valuation of the assets and liabilities that are to be transferred to the acquiring or new companies;

4° The arrangements for the transfer of the units or shares and the date from which these units or shares entitle their holders to the profits, as well as any specific terms relating to this entitlement;

5° The date from which the operations of the absorbed company will, from an accounting point of view, be considered to have been completed by the company or companies receiving the contributions;

6° The dates on which the accounts of the companies concerned used to establish the terms of the transaction were closed;

7° The share exchange ratio and, if applicable, the amount of the balancing payment;

8° The expected amount of the merger premium;

9° The rights granted to shareholders with special rights and to holders of securities other than shares and, if applicable, any special benefits.

For the transactions mentioned in Article L. 236-11, the draft terms of merger do not mention the arrangements for the transfer of the units or shares, the date from which such units or shares carry entitlement to the profits, any specific terms relating to such entitlement or any of the particulars provided for in 6° and 7° of this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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