Sub-paragraph 3: Investment rules.

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Article R214-32-22

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

A general-purpose investment fund may enter into the financial contracts referred to in 5° of I of Article L. 214-24-55 on the markets referred to in 1°, 2° or 3° of I of Article R. 214-32-18 or traded over-the-counter, under the following conditions :

1° These contracts relate to one or more of the following:

a) The assets referred to in article L. 214-24-55, including instruments with one or more of the characteristics of these assets ;

b) Interest rates ;

c) Exchange rates or currencies;

d) Financial indices meeting the conditions laid down in I of Article R. 214-32-25;

2° The counterparties to OTC financial contract transactions are either institutions acting as custodians for collective investment schemes, credit institutions whose registered office is in a Member State of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, investment firms whose registered office is in a Member State of the European Union or in another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, or authorised branches as referred to in I of Article L. 532-48;

3° The financial contracts may, at the initiative of the general-purpose investment fund, be sold, liquidated or closed at any time by means of a symmetrical transaction, at their market value, and are subject to a reliable and verifiable valuation on a daily basis, which is not based solely on the market prices given by the counterparty. This valuation meets the following criteria:

a) it is based on a current market value which has been reliably established for the instrument or, if such a value is not available, on a valuation model using a recognised and appropriate method ;

b) It is verified by one of the following entities:

i) An appropriate third party, independent of the co-contractor, which carries out this verification at an appropriate frequency and in such a way that the general purpose investment fund can control it ;

ii) A department of the general purpose investment fund which is independent of the operational functions and which is able to carry out this verification.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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