Sub-paragraph 3: Investment rules.

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Article R214-32-16

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I. - The eligible financial securities mentioned in 1° of I of article L. 214-24-55 meet the following conditions:

1° The potential loss to which the general-purpose investment fund is exposed as a result of holding them is limited to the amount it paid to acquire them;

2° Their liquidity does not compromise the ability of the general-purpose investment fund to comply with the provisions of Articles L. 214-24-29 and L. 214-24-34;

3° A reliable valuation of them is available, in the following form:

a) In the case of financial securities covered by 1° to 4° of I of Article R. 214-32-18, in the form of accurate, reliable and regularly established prices, which are either market prices or prices provided by valuation systems independent of the issuers;

b) In the case of financial securities covered by II of Article R. 214-32-18, in the form of a valuation established periodically on the basis of information from the issuer or from a financial analysis service mentioned in Article L. 544-1 ;

4° Appropriate information concerning them is available, in the following form:

a) In the case of financial securities covered by 1° to 4° of I of Article R. 214-32-18, in the form of accurate, complete and regular information provided to the market on the financial security concerned or, where applicable, on the assets underlying this instrument ;

b) In the case of financial securities covered by II of Article R. 214-32-18, in the form of accurate and regular information provided to the general-purpose investment fund on the financial instrument concerned or, where applicable, on the assets underlying this instrument;

5° They are negotiable;

6° Their acquisition is compatible with the management objectives or investment policy of the general purpose investment fund, as set out in the information documents intended for investors;

7° The risks they entail are taken into account in an appropriate manner by the risk management process of the general-purpose investment fund.

For the application of 2° and 5° of this I, financial instruments covered by 1° to 3° of I of Article R. 214-32-18 are presumed not to compromise the ability of the general-purpose investment fund to comply with the provisions of Articles L. 214-24-29 and L. 214-24-34. They are also presumed to be negotiable, unless the general-purpose investment fund has information leading to different conclusions.

II. - Units or shares in collective investment schemes governed by French law, UCITS governed by foreign law, FIAs established in other Member States of the European Union or closed-end investment funds governed by foreign law that comply with the following rules are treated as eligible financial securities:

1° These units or shares comply with the conditions set out in I ;

2° If the collective investment scheme or investment fund is incorporated as a company, it is subject to the corporate governance mechanisms applied to companies;

3° Where financial management is carried out by another entity on behalf of the collective investment or investment fund, this entity is subject to national regulations designed to ensure investor protection.

III. - Financial instruments which comply with the following rules are treated as eligible financial securities:

1° They comply with the conditions set out in I;

2° They are backed by other assets or linked to the performance of other assets, which may be different from those mentioned in article L. 214-24-55.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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