Chapter I: Prevention of business difficulties, ad hoc mandates and conciliation procedures

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Article L611-13

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The duties of an ad hoc trustee or conciliator may not be carried out by a person who, during the previous twenty-four months, has received, in any capacity whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any remuneration or payment from the debtor concerned, from any creditor of the debtor or from a person who controls or is controlled by the debtor within the meaning of Article L. 233-16, except in the case of remuneration received in respect of an ad hoc mandate or a court-appointed mandate granted in the context of an amicable settlement procedure or a conciliation procedure in respect of the same debtor or creditor, or remuneration received in respect of a court-appointed mandate, other than that of commissaire à l'exécution du plan, granted in the context of safeguard or receivership proceedings. The existence of remuneration or a payment received from a debtor who is a sole trader with limited liability or a sole trader covered by the status defined in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Title II of Book V is assessed in consideration of all the assets held by the debtor. The person so appointed must certify on his or her honour, when accepting the mandate, that he or she complies with these prohibitions.

The missions of mandataire ad hoc or conciliator may not be entrusted to a consular judge who is in office or who has left office within the last five years.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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