Section 2: Sole traders with limited liability

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Article L526-8

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I.-When setting up the assets and liabilities affected, the sole trader mentions the nature, quality, quantity and value of the assets, rights, obligations or sureties that he assigns to his professional activity on a descriptive statement filed with the register where the declaration provided for in Article L. 526-7 to be annexed thereto.

In the absence of any property, right, obligation or security assigned pursuant to the second paragraph of Article L. 526-6, no descriptive statement is drawn up.

II.-The value entered is the market value or, in the absence of a market for the asset in question, the value in use.

Without prejudice to compliance with the allocation rules laid down in this section, the sole trader may present as a descriptive statement the balance sheet for his last financial year, provided that this has been closed for less than four months on the date of the declaration. In this case, all the items in the balance sheet make up the descriptive statement and the transactions that have taken place since the date of the last closed financial year are included in the following financial year of the sole trader with limited liability.

Where the sole trader with limited liability has not opted to be treated as a sole trader with limited liability or a farm with limited liability within the meaning of the article 1655 sexies du code général des impôts, the value of the items making up the earmarked assets corresponds to their net book value as shown in the accounts for the last financial year ended on the date the earmarked assets were created if commercial accounting is used, or to the original value of these items as shown in the fixed assets register for the last financial year ended, less depreciation already applied, if the entrepreneur is not required to keep such accounts.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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