Section I: General provisions.

Articles in this section · 8

Article L432-4

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The body referred to in the first paragraph of Article L. 432-2 shall establish a separate accounting record for the transactions it carries out in the name and on behalf of the State pursuant to Articles L. 432-2, L. 432-5 and L. 432-6. An agreement between the State and the body mentioned in the first paragraph of article L. 432-2 specifies the objectives set by the State for the body, the conditions for implementing state export guarantees in the name, on behalf and under the control of the State, the terms and conditions under which this recording is made and the conditions under which it is audited and certified by one or more auditors.

The agreement mentioned in the first paragraph of this article mandates the body mentioned in the first paragraph of article L. 432-2 to collect revenue, to carry out amicable and contentious debt collection and to take any action to ensure the preservation of the State's rights in France and abroad, with the option of delegating to authorised third parties in accordance with the legislation concerned, to pay expenses, including claims compensation, and to handle any funds arising from its activity in the name and on behalf of the State, which remains the holder of the rights and obligations arising from these operations. In particular, the assets appearing in the accounting records provided for in the first paragraph of this article remain the unseizable property of the State. The body mentioned in the first paragraph of Article L. 432-2 may delegate all or some of the tasks listed in this paragraph to entities in its parent group.

In cases where the State is directly or indirectly a shareholder of the body mentioned in the first paragraph of article L. 432-2, articles L. 225-38, L. 225-86 and L. 227-10 of the French Commercial Code do not apply to agreements entered into with this body.

The body referred to in the first paragraph of Article L. 432-2 of this Code does not require the administrative authorisation referred to in Article L. 321-1 or the administrative authorisation referred to in Article L. 522-6 of the Monetary and Financial Code.

When the body mentioned in the first paragraph of Article L. 432-2 delegates at least one of the tasks listed in the second paragraph of this Article to an entity in its parent group, an agreement between the aforementioned body, the delegated entity and the French State sets out the terms and conditions for the French State's supervision of the delegated entity's performance of its duties.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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