Subsection 1: Administrative penalties

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Article L232-23-3-12

French Sports CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Any person who receives a period of Ineligibility of more than four years may, after serving four years of such period of Ineligibility, participate as an athlete in local sporting events organised by organisations, or their members, which are not signatories to the World Anti-Doping Code, provided that such events are not directly or indirectly qualifying events for a national championship or international event, and provided that the person does not have any relationship in any capacity whatsoever with protected persons in connection with such events.

An athlete who is subject to a suspension imposed by an anti-doping organisation that is a signatory to the World Anti-Doping Code may resume training with a team or use the equipment of a club or member of another signatory organisation during the last two months of the suspension or during the last quarter of the suspension, whichever is shorter.

He shall remain subject to Testing and, where applicable, to the whereabouts requirements set forth in article L. 232-15, unless he notifies the Agency in writing of his decision to permanently withdraw from competition. In this case, if the athlete subsequently wishes to resume competition, he or she may not compete in national or international sporting events until he or she has enabled the French Anti-Doping Agency or his or her International Federation to conduct tests by informing them in writing of his or her wish to resume competition, This information must be provided at least six months before the desired date of resumption or for a period equivalent to the remaining period of suspension, where the period between the date on which he announced his decision to definitively abandon competition and the date of the end of his suspension is greater than six months.

The agency shall inform the relevant sports federation of the athlete's decision to withdraw permanently from competition.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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