Chapter III: Limited liability companies.

Articles in this section · 42

Article L223-13

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Shares are freely transferable by inheritance or in the event of the liquidation of community property between spouses and freely transferable between spouses and between ascendants and descendants.

However, the Articles of Association may stipulate that a spouse, heir, ascendant or descendant may only become a partner after having been approved under the conditions set out in

Article L. 223-14

. On pain of nullity of the clause, the time limits granted to the company to decide on approval may not be longer than those provided for in article L. 223-14, and the majority required may not be greater than that provided for in that article. If approval is refused, the provisions of the third and fourth paragraphs of article L. 223-14 shall apply. If none of the solutions provided for in these paragraphs is implemented within the time limits set, approval is deemed to have been granted.

The Articles of Association may stipulate that in the event of the death of one of the members, the company will continue with his heir or only with the surviving members. Where the company continues with the surviving partners only, or where approval has been refused to the heir, the heir is entitled to the value of the shareholder's rights.

It may also be stipulated that the company will continue, either with the surviving spouse, or with one or more of the heirs, or with any other person designated by the Articles of Association or, if they so authorise, by testamentary provisions.

In the cases provided for in this article, the value of the corporate rights is determined on the day of death in accordance with

Article 1843-4

of the Civil Code.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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