Subsection 2: Certification of accounts

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Article A823-20

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 3 Nov 2023

The professional practice standard relating to the statutory auditor's reports on the annual and consolidated financial statements, approved by the Minister of Justice, is set out below:

NEP-730 Accounting changes

Introduction

01. The comparability of the accounts is ensured by the consistency of the presentation of the accounts and the valuation and accounting methods, which may only be changed in accordance with the applicable accounting standards.

02. By convention in this standard, the following are qualified as "accounting changes":

-changes in accounting policy resulting from:

-a change in accounting regulations,

or a change in accounting method initiated by the entity;

- error corrections corrections of errors;

-changes in estimates. -changes in estimates.

03. The purpose of this standard is to define the audit procedures that the statutory auditor performs when identifying an accounting change and the consequences that he draws from it in his report on the financial statements.

Audit procedures to be implemented by the statutory auditor when identifying an accounting change

04. When the statutory auditor identifies an accounting change, he assesses its justification.

05. Where the impact of the accounting change on the accounts is material, the statutory auditor verifies:

-that the accounting translation of this change, including the information provided in the notes, is appropriate;

-that appropriate information is presented to restore the comparability of the accounts, where the applicable financial reporting framework so provides.

Impact on the report

06. When the statutory auditor considers that the accounting change is not justified, or that its accounting translation or the information provided in the notes are not appropriate, he shall draw the consequences for the expression of his opinion.

07. When the accounting change corresponds to a change of method in the accounts and the statutory auditor considers that its accounting translation, including the information provided in the notes, is appropriate, he shall make an observation in his report on the accounts to draw the attention of the user of the accounts to the information provided in the notes.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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