Article 1309
An obligation binding several creditors or debtors is divided between them by operation of law. The division also takes place between their successors, the obligation being joint and several. If it is…
20+ full codes, 2,400+ articles translated and updated. Case law linked to every article. Read the actual text before you ask a lawyer about it — free, no login required.
20+
french codes
Fully translated
2,400+
articles in English
Updated regularly
480+
court rulings linked
Per article
Free
full access
No login required
Showing 251–260 of 601 articles for “Art. 422-130”
An obligation binding several creditors or debtors is divided between them by operation of law. The division also takes place between their successors, the obligation being joint and several. If it is…
Apart from cases of business management and undue payment, a person who benefits from unjustified enrichment to the detriment of another owes, to the person who is impoverished thereby, compensation e…
Quasi-contracts are purely voluntary acts from which result an obligation on the part of the person who benefits from them without being entitled to do so, and sometimes an obligation on the part of t…
An obligation is conditional when it depends on a future and uncertain event. The condition is suspensive when its fulfilment renders the obligation pure and simple. It is resolutory when its fulfilme…
An obligation is optional where it has as its object a certain performance but the debtor has the option, in order to be discharged, of providing another. The optional obligation is extinguished if pe…
An obligation is an alternative obligation when it covers several services and the performance of one of them releases the debtor.
A person who, without being obliged to do so, knowingly and usefully manages the business of another, without the knowledge or opposition of the master of that business, is subject, in the performance…
Any payment presupposes a debt; what has been received without being due is subject to restitution. Restitution is not admitted in respect of natural obligations which have been voluntarily discharged…
Preservatory measures may be requested: 1° By the spouse or partner in a civil solidarity pact; 2° By all those claiming to have a succession claim; 3° By the executor of the will or the agent appoint…
The applicant for the measure is invited by the bailiff to attend the sealing or, if he does not intend to attend, to hand over the keys if he holds them.
Our translations are produced and reviewed for accuracy, but the only legally binding version of French law is the French original. For court, registry or contractual use we offer lawyer-reviewed or sworn certified translations on request.
Articles are synced with Légifrance and updated as soon as a reform is published in the Journal Officiel, so you always read the version in force — and can see when each article was last amended.
Each article is linked to the key court decisions (Cour de cassation, Conseil d'État, courts of appeal) that interpret it, so you can read the text and its case-law application side by side.
Yes — every article has an AI plain-English summary, and you can order a lawyer-reviewed explanation of how it applies to your specific situation, with next steps.
No. Reading and searching the codes is free with no login. Paid services — certified translation and the legal application report — are entirely optional.
Avocate au Barreau de Paris
Toque #C2396
15+ Years In French Corporate Practice
English · French · Russian
Ready When You Are
A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.
20+ full codes and 2,400+ articles in English, with the key court rulings linked to every article — free to read.
Read MoreA lawyer-reviewed report explaining how the relevant articles apply to your situation, with case-law analysis and next steps.
Read MoreScope your matter with a Paris-Bar avocate — incorporation, contracts, disputes — handled bilingually, end to end.
Read More