French Civil CodeIn force
Section 1: Property retained as security.
Article 2368
The reservation of ownership is agreed in writing.
AI translation · Updated 6 Nov 2023Open Article
20+ full codes, 2,400+ articles translated and updated. Case law linked to every article. Read the actual text before you ask a lawyer about it — free, no login required.
20+
french codes
Fully translated
2,400+
articles in English
Updated regularly
480+
court rulings linked
Per article
Free
full access
No login required
Showing 3051–3060 of 43720 articles for “Art. 1843-2”
The reservation of ownership is agreed in writing.
Reserved ownership of a fungible asset may be exercised, up to the amount of the outstanding claim, over assets of the same nature and quality held by the debtor or on his behalf.
If any of the time limits set out in articles 2428 and 2429 has not been complied with, the registration shall have no effect beyond the date on which this period expires.
In the cases provided for in the two preceding articles, the property must be valued by an expert appointed amicably or judicially. If its value exceeds the amount of the secured debt, the creditor ow…
The pledge is enforceable against third parties by the publication made of it.It is also enforceable against third parties by the dispossession in the hands of the creditor or an agreed third party of…
The judicial mortgage, which is constituted as a conservatory measure, is governed by the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures.
The services responsible for land registration are required to issue, to all those who so request, copies or extracts of documents, other than registration slips, which are deposited there within the…
Where the same asset is the subject of several successive non-possessory pledges, the ranking of the creditors is governed by the order of their registration. Where an asset given as a non-possessory…
Contracts made in foreign countries cannot give a mortgage on French property, unless there are provisions contrary to this principle in political laws or treaties.
The order of preference between mortgagees and pledgees, insofar as their pledge relates to property deemed to be immovable, is determined by the dates on which the respective titles were published, n…
Our translations are produced and reviewed for accuracy, but the only legally binding version of French law is the French original. For court, registry or contractual use we offer lawyer-reviewed or sworn certified translations on request.
Articles are synced with Légifrance and updated as soon as a reform is published in the Journal Officiel, so you always read the version in force — and can see when each article was last amended.
Each article is linked to the key court decisions (Cour de cassation, Conseil d'État, courts of appeal) that interpret it, so you can read the text and its case-law application side by side.
Yes — every article has an AI plain-English summary, and you can order a lawyer-reviewed explanation of how it applies to your specific situation, with next steps.
No. Reading and searching the codes is free with no login. Paid services — certified translation and the legal application report — are entirely optional.
Avocate au Barreau de Paris
Toque #C2396
15+ Years In French Corporate Practice
English · French · Russian
Ready When You Are
A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.
20+ full codes and 2,400+ articles in English, with the key court rulings linked to every article — free to read.
Read MoreA lawyer-reviewed report explaining how the relevant articles apply to your situation, with case-law analysis and next steps.
Read MoreScope your matter with a Paris-Bar avocate — incorporation, contracts, disputes — handled bilingually, end to end.
Read More