Subsection 4: Postal voting.

Articles in this section · 5

Article R713-52

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

The committee shall check that the number of envelopes used to send the votes corresponds to that shown on the summary statement referred to in Article

R. 713-50

. If a discrepancy is noted, this is noted in the minutes initialled by each member of the committee.

The committee shall open the envelopes in which the votes were cast.

The chairman or a member of the committee appointed by him shall check that the vote cast corresponds to the category and sub-category and the jurisdiction of the court to which the elector belongs and, if this is not the case, shall remove that vote from the count.

The chairman or a member of the committee designated by him shall record the vote of each elector by affixing his signature, possibly with the assistance of electronic means, opposite the name of the elector, on the copy of the electoral roll which constitutes the list of votes, under conditions of security and authentication and in accordance with the procedures defined by joint order of the Minister of Justice and the Minister responsible for overseeing the chambers of commerce and industry, issued after consultation with the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties.

A member of the commission then inserts each ballot envelope into the corresponding ballot box.

The votes are counted in the manner provided for in the second and third paragraphs of Article

L. 65

of the Electoral Code and in accordance with the rules laid down in Article

L. 66

of this code.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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