Paragraph 1: Working conditions and organisation of service obligations

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Article R6153-1-1

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 31 Oct 2023

When they have validated all the knowledge and skills required to validate phase 2 of the speciality followed, successfully defended the thesis mentioned in articles R. 632-23 and R. 634-17 of the Education Code respectively for the study of medicine and odontology and obtained the State diploma of doctor of medicine, of pharmacy for students enrolled in medical biology or hospital pharmacy or of dental surgery for students enrolled in oral surgery, the student in the third cycle of the study of medicine, of pharmacy enrolled in medical biology or hospital pharmacy or of odontology enrolled in oral surgery, is appointed as a junior doctor by the director general of the university hospital centre of affiliation mentioned in article R. 6153-9 of this code.


Within three months of his appointment, the junior doctor asks to be entered, for the duration of phase 3 still to be completed, on a special roll drawn up and kept up to date by the departmental council of the medical order of the department of the referring university hospital centre, or by the national council of the pharmacists' order for pharmacy students registered in medical biology and hospital pharmacy, or by the national council of the dental surgeons' order for odontology students registered in oral surgery.


The junior doctor is assigned by the director general of the regional health agency to the places of training set out in the second paragraph of article L. 632-5 of the French Education Code.</p>

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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