Section 2: Conditions of access and practice

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Article R548-3

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

Natural persons who direct or manage an intermediary in participative financing must provide evidence of professional skills resulting from :

1° Either a level I or II diploma attesting to higher education in banking, finance, economics or business sciences, management sciences, physical sciences, mathematics or banking and financial law, registered in the national directory of professional certifications mentioned in Article R. 335-12 of the Education Code and falling within the training nomenclatures specified by an order of the Minister responsible for the economy ;

2° Or professional experience :

a) For a period of two years in positions relating to the performance of participatory finance transactions, credit transactions, the provision of payment services or business advisory services as referred to in Article L. 321-2 (3) , acquired in a managerial capacity over the last five years prior to registration in the single register ;

b) Three years' experience in positions relating to the performance of equity financing transactions, credit transactions or the provision of payment services or business advisory services as referred to in Article L. 321-2(3), acquired over the last five years prior to registration in the single register.

Proof of this experience must be provided in the form of one or more certificates of employment;

3° Or professional training in banking or financial matters lasting at least eighty hours, provided by an approved training centre, a credit institution, a finance company, a payment institution or an investment services provider, the content of which is set by order of the Minister for the Economy.

A certificate signed by the person responsible for the training is issued on completion of the course.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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