Section 5: Expertise.

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Article R463-16

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

When, pursuant to article

L. 463-8

the general rapporteur decides to call in one or more experts, his decision defines the subject of the expert appraisal, sets the timeframe for its completion and assesses the corresponding foreseeable fees.

When an expert report is requested by a party and accepted by the general rapporteur, the latter asks the party to deposit an advance equal to the expert's expected fees. If several parties are required to make such a deposit, the general rapporteur shall indicate in what proportion each must deposit.

The general rapporteur may decide to grant experts who so request a lump-sum advance, which may not exceed 25% of the anticipated fees.

The expert(s) shall inform the rapporteur in charge of the investigation of the case of the progress of the expertise operations. The expert(s) must take into consideration the comments of the parties, which may be made in writing or taken orally, and must attach them to their report if they are in writing and if the party concerned so requests. They must mention in their report the action they have taken on them.

The expert report is submitted to the rapporteur in charge of the case. The rapporteur attaches it to his statement of objections, his report or his proposal to dismiss the case or, if it is submitted after his own report has been sent, sends it to the parties and the Government Commissioner so that they can make any observations they may have. These observations are made in the reply to the statement of objections, the rapporteur's report or the proposal to dismiss the case, or at the hearing.

Even if several experts have been appointed, a single report is drawn up, showing the points of agreement and any points of disagreement.

On submission of the expert report, the general rapporteur makes a final decision on the amount of the expert fees and arranges for their payment.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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