Subsection 5: Collection of data and information

Articles in this section · 5

Article R444-18

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

The statistical information that may be collected pursuant to 2° of Article L. 444-5 are, for each calendar year, in particular an estimate :

1° Of the total sums invested necessary for the acquisition of offices, studies or firms, of their breakdown by deciles, and of the average value of the sum invested for the acquisition of an office or study ;

2° Of the total sums other than those mentioned in 1° invested at the time of setting up, their breakdown by deciles, and the average value of the sum invested for a setting up;

3° Of the total cost of covering the risks associated with professional liability, and the average amount of this cost;

4° Of the number and failure rate of practice structures;

5° Of the average values of turnover, profit, tangible fixed assets and working capital requirements per office, study or firm, as well as other accounting indicators specified as necessary by joint order of the Minister of Justice and the Minister responsible for the economy, after obtaining the opinion of the Autorité de la concurrence ;

6° Of the total number of services provided and the total sum of the emoluments received in respect of these services and in the case of lawyers, the breakdown by decile of this number and this sum;

7° For proportional emoluments, of the average amount of the emolument received for a service, and the breakdown by decile of the bases of these emoluments;

8° The total sums received in respect of costs and disbursements, the average amount of the latter and their breakdown by decile;

9° The respective share of emoluments and fees within the profession's total pre-tax turnover, and, with regard to judicial auctioneers, the average working time devoted to public and ministerial offices and that devoted to the companies mentioned in third paragraph of article 29 of the law of 10 July 2000 regulating voluntary sales of furniture by public auction ;

10° Of the total number of offices, studies or firms, of the total number of professionals practising within these offices or studies on 1 January of the calendar year concerned, and of the number of persons practising the profession concerned therein as employees on that same date.

As regards lawyers, only information relating to the practice structures and professionals having carried out at least one of the procedural acts listed in Table 6 attached to Article R. 444-3.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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