Chapter V: Consolidated and combined financial statements

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Article R345-1-2

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The appointment of the entity responsible for preparing and publishing the combined accounts is the subject of a written agreement between all the entities whose cohesion does not result from capital links and which belong to the group subject to the obligation to prepare combined accounts. This agreement automatically binds all the undertakings over which one of the parties to the agreement exercises exclusive control, joint control or significant influence.

In the absence of a prior agreement at the balance sheet date, this entity is :

a) In the case referred to in 1° of Article R. 345-1-1, the entity with the highest average premium or contribution income over the last five financial years;

b) Where the obligation to draw up combined accounts arises solely from 2° of Article R. 345-1-1, the assignee and, where several assignees are involved, the assignee which has accepted on average, over the last three financial years, the highest amount of premiums or contributions assigned by the entities of the group subject to the obligation to draw up combined accounts.

However, notwithstanding the provisions of the previous paragraph, when an entity forming part of a group of entities as defined in Article R. 345-1-1 is included by full consolidation in the consolidated accounts of an entity which is itself subject to a consolidation obligation pursuant to Article L. 345-2, the entity required to prepare and publish combined accounts is the consolidating entity. In this case, the obligation to prepare and publish combined financial statements is the same as the obligation to prepare consolidated financial statements. The consolidated accounts then include the accounts of the entities forming part of the aforementioned entity.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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