Subsection 1: Provisions relating to insurance undertakings.

Articles in this section · 7

Article R321-1

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The administrative authorisation provided for in Article L. 321-1 is granted by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution. For the purposes of granting this authorisation, insurance operations are classified into classes and sub-classes as follows:

1. Accidents (including accidents at work and occupational diseases) :

a) Lump-sum benefits ;

b) Indemnity benefits ;

c) Combinations ;

d) Persons transported.

2. Sickness :

a) Flat-rate benefits ;

b) Compensatory benefits ;

c) Combinations.

3. Bodies of land vehicles (other than railway vehicles) :

Any damage suffered by:

a) Motor land vehicles ;

b) Non-motorised land vehicles.

4. Bodies of railway vehicles :

Any damage suffered by railway vehicles.

5. Air vehicles:

Any damage suffered by aerial vehicles.

6. Sea, lake and river vehicles:

Any damage suffered by :

a) River vehicles ;

b) Lake vehicles ;

c) Sea vehicles.

7. Goods carried (including merchandise, luggage and any other property):

Any damage suffered by the goods transported or luggage, whatever the means of transport.

8. Fire and natural elements :

Any damage suffered by property (other than property included in classes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) when caused by:

a) Fire ;

b) Explosion ;

c) Storm ;

d) Natural elements other than storms;

e) Nuclear energy ;

f) Land subsidence.

9. Other damage to property:

Any damage suffered by property (other than property included in classes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) when this damage is caused by hail or frost, or by any event, such as theft, other than those included in class 8.

10. Civil liability for motor land vehicles :

Any liability arising out of the use of self-propelled land vehicles (including carrier's liability).

11. Civil liability for aerial vehicles:

Any liability arising from the use of air vehicles (including carrier's liability).

12. Civil liability for sea, lake and river vehicles :

Any liability resulting from the use of river, lake and maritime vehicles (including carrier's liability).

13. General civil liability :

Any liability other than those mentioned under numbers 10, 11 and 12.

14. Credit :

a) General Insolvency ;

b) Export credit;

c) Instalment sales;

d) Mortgage credit;

e) Agricultural credit.

15. Surety :

a) Direct surety ;

b) Indirect surety.

16. Miscellaneous pecuniary losses :

a) Employment risks ;

b) Insufficient income (general) ;

c) Bad weather ;

d) Loss of profits;

e) Persistent overheads ;

f) Unforeseen business expenses;

g) Loss of market value;

h) Loss of rent or income;

i) Indirect commercial losses other than those mentioned above;

j) Non-commercial pecuniary losses;

k) Other pecuniary losses.

17. Legal protection.

18. Assistance :

Assistance to people in difficulty, particularly when travelling.

20. Life and death :

Any transaction involving commitments whose fulfilment depends on the duration of human life, other than the activities referred to in classes 22, 23 and 26.

21. Marriage and childbirth:

Any transaction involving the payment of a lump sum in the event of marriage or the birth of children.

22. Insurance linked to investment funds :

All operations involving commitments whose fulfilment depends on the duration of human life and linked to an investment fund.

The classes of insurance mentioned in 20, 21 and 22 include insurance that complements the main risk, in particular insurance that provides cover in the event of accidental death or disability.

23. Tontines :

All operations involving the formation of associations bringing together members with a view to pooling their contributions and distributing the assets thus built up either among the survivors or among the beneficiaries of the deceased.

24. Capitalisation :

Any operation involving a call for savings with a view to capitalisation and comprising, in exchange for direct or indirect single or periodic payments, fixed commitments as to their duration and amount.

25. Management of collective funds:

Any operation involving the management of investments, in particular assets representing the reserves of companies other than those mentioned in article L. 310-1, which provide benefits in the event of death or in the event of cessation or reduction of activities.

26. Any collective operation as defined in Section I of Chapter I of Title IV of Book IV.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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