Section 1: Health checks at borders

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Article R3115-3

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

For the purposes of this Chapter and in accordance with the International Health Regulations (2005), the following definitions shall apply

1° Free circulation means permission for a ship to enter a port, to embark or disembark, unload or load cargo or stores; for an aircraft, permission, after landing, to embark or disembark, unload or load cargo or stores;

2° Point of Entry, a crossing point for the international entry or exit of travellers, baggage, cargo, containers, means of transport, goods and postal parcels, as well as the organisations and sectors providing services to them on entry or exit;

3° National focal point, the national centre which must be able to communicate with the contact points (RSI) at the World Health Organisation at all times;

4° Reservoir, an animal, plant or substance which normally harbours an infectious agent and whose presence may constitute a public health risk;

5° Public health risk, the likelihood of an event which may harm the health of human populations, more particularly an event which may spread internationally or present a serious and direct danger;

6° International traffic means the movement of persons, baggage, cargo, containers, means of transport, goods or postal parcels across an international border, including international trade;

7° Vector, an insect or any animal that normally carries an infectious agent constituting a risk to public health;

8° International travel:

a) In the case of a means of transport, a journey between points of entry situated in the territories of more than one State or a journey between points of entry situated in the territory or territories of the same State if, during its journey, the means of transport is in contact with the territory of any other State, but only for these contacts ;

(b) in the case of a traveller, a journey involving entry into the territory of a State other than the territory of the State from which the traveller departs.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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