Subsection 1: Capital increases.

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Article R225-136

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

In the event of contributions in kind or the stipulation of special benefits, the contribution auditors are appointed and carry out their duties under the conditions set out in article R. 22-10-7. The provisions of article R. 22-10-8 are applicable in the case of contributions in kind.

In the case of the issue of preference shares to designated shareholders, the contribution auditors referred to in article L. 228-15 are appointed and carry out their duties under the conditions set out in the second and third paragraphs of Article R. 22-10-7.

In the event of the stipulation of special advantages or the issue of preference shares giving rise to the application of Article L. 228-15, the report shall describe and assess each of the special advantages or special rights attached to the preference shares. Where applicable, it shall indicate, for these special rights, which valuation method has been used and why it has been used, and shall justify that the value of the special rights corresponds at least to the nominal value of the preference shares to be issued plus any issue premium.

The report of the contribution auditors shall be made available to shareholders at the registered office, at least eight days before the date of the Extraordinary General Meeting or before the date of the meeting of the Board of Directors or the Management Board, in the event of delegation in accordance with Article L. 22-10-53. In this case, the report is brought to the attention of the shareholders at the next General Meeting.

In the event of the issue of preference shares giving rise to the application of article L. 228-15, this period may be reduced if all the shareholders consent, in writing, prior to the appointment of the contributions auditor.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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