Subsection 3: Seizure in the hands of a third party

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Article R221-23

French Code of civil enforcement proceduresIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023


If the third party declares that he holds property on behalf of the debtor, the act of seizure shall contain, on pain of nullity :
1° A reference to the title under which the seizure is made;
2° A mention of the name and domicile of the third party;
3° The declaration of the third party and, in very conspicuous characters, the indication that any inaccurate or untruthful declaration exposes him to be declared guarantor of the sums claimed from the debtor without prejudice to an order to pay damages;
4° An inventory of the goods seized, including a detailed description of the goods;
5° A statement, in very conspicuous lettering, that the objects seized are unavailable, that they are placed in the custody of the third party, and that they may not be disposed of or moved, except in the case provided for in the second paragraph of Article R. 221-13, subject to the penalties set out inArticle 314-6 of the Criminal Code, and that the third party is required to make this attachment known to any creditor proceeding with an attachment on the same property;
6° A statement that the third party may avail itself of the provisions of Article R. 221-27 which is reproduced in the deed;
7° An indication that the third party may assert his rights over the seized property, by declaration or by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt sent to the distraining creditor's bailiff;
8° The designation of the court before which disputes relating to the seizure for sale are brought;
9° An indication, where applicable, of the surnames, first names and positions of the persons who attended the seizure operations, who shall sign the original and copies; if they refuse, this shall be stated in the deed;
10° A reproduction of the provisions of Article 314-6 of the Criminal Code.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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