Subsection 2: Communication media and exchanges of information

Articles in this section · 8

Article R2132-12

French Public procurement codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The purchaser is not obliged to use electronic means of communication in the following cases:
1° For the contracts mentioned in articles R. 2122-1 to R. 2122-11 and meeting a need whose estimated value is below the formal procedure thresholds;
2° For the contracts for social services and other specific services mentioned in 3° of article R. 2123-1 and in article R. 2123-2 ;
3° When, due to the particular nature of the contract, the use of electronic means of communication would require specific tools, devices or file formats that are not commonly available or supported by commonly available applications;
4° Where the applications supporting the file formats suitable for describing tenders use file formats that cannot be processed by any other open or commonly available application or are subject to a system of intellectual property rights and cannot be made available by download or remotely by the purchaser;
5° Where the use of electronic means of communication would require specialised office equipment not commonly available to purchasers;
6° When the consultation documents require the presentation of models, scale models, prototypes or samples which cannot be transmitted electronically;
7° When the use of other means of communication is necessary due either to a breach in the security of electronic means of communication, or to the particularly sensitive nature of the information which requires an extremely high degree of protection which cannot be adequately provided by the use of electronic means of communication commonly available to economic operators or which can be made available to them by one of the means of access mentioned in article R. 2132-14.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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