Chapter III: Remuneration for library loans

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Article R133-2

French Intellectual Property CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The amount of the first part of the remuneration provided for in the second paragraph of

Article L. 133-3

is calculated on the basis of a flat-rate contribution per user registered in libraries open to the public for lending, as referred to in

Article R. 133-1.

This contribution is set at 1 euro per user registered in the libraries of public scientific, cultural and professional establishments and other public higher education establishments under the authority of the Minister for Higher Education and is paid by the latter. It is set at 1.5 euros per user registered in other libraries receiving the public for lending and paid by the ministry responsible for culture.

For the first year of application of the law, this contribution is respectively set at 0.5 euro per user registered in the libraries of higher education establishments and 0.75 euro per user registered in other libraries welcoming the public for lending.

The number of registered users is specified each year by decree under the following conditions:

1° The number of registered users of public libraries is assessed each year on the basis of statistical data provided by the municipalities and departments pursuant to

articles R. 1422-5

and

R. 1422-14

of the Code général des collectivités territoriales;

2° The number of users registered in the libraries of public scientific, cultural and professional establishments and other public higher education establishments under the responsibility of the Minister for Higher Education is assessed each year on the basis of annual statistics drawn up by the Minister for Higher Education ;

3° In order to take into account users registered in other libraries that receive the public for lending, the number of users registered in public libraries is increased by a rate expressed as a percentage. This rate is set at 4% and may be revised every three years on the basis of estimated figures relating to the development of the activity of these libraries.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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