Section 1: Tasks and scope of application

Articles in this section · 3

Article L612-2

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I.-The Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution is responsible for :

A.-In the banking, payment services and investment services sector:

1° Credit institutions ;

2° The following persons

a) Investment firms and branches of third-country firms referred to in Article L. 532-48 ;

b) Market undertakings;

c) Members of clearing houses other than the persons mentioned in Article L. 440-2, paragraph 6;

d) Persons authorised to carry out the activities of custody or administration of financial instruments referred to in 4° and 5° of Article L. 542-1;

e) Clearing houses;

3° Payment institutions and account information service providers;

4° Financial holding companies and mixed financial holding companies;

4° bis Mixed holding companies for the sole provisions applicable to them under Article L. 517-10;

4° ter Investment holding companies and EU parent investment holding companies;

5° Money changers;

6° The bodies mentioned in Article L. 511-6 (5) ;

7° The legal entities referred to in Article L. 313-21-1;

8° Electronic money institutions

9° Finance companies;

10° Parent undertakings of finance companies;

11° Mixed parent undertakings of finance companies for the sole purpose of the provisions applicable to them under Article L. 517-10;

12° Third-party financing companies referred to in 8 of Article L. 511-6, for their lending activity;

13° The central bodies mentioned in Article L. 511-30;

14° The approved professional associations referred to in I of Article L. 519-11.

The Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution supervises the provision of investment services by the persons referred to in 1° and 2° of this A, subject to the jurisdiction of the Autorité des marchés financiers to supervise rules of conduct and other professional obligations.

For the purposes of supervising the persons referred to in 3° and 8°, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution may seek the opinion of the Banque de France, as part of the supervisory duties conferred on it by I of Article L. 141-4 and the supervision of the security of access to payment accounts conferred on it by Article L. 521-8. In this context, the Banque de France may bring any information to the attention of the authority.

B.-In the insurance sector :

1° Undertakings engaged in direct insurance as referred to inArticle L. 310-1 of the Insurance Code and the undertakings referred to in the last paragraph of the same Article;

2° Reinsurance undertakings whose head office is located in France;

3° Mutual insurers and unions governed by Book II of the Mutual Code and unions managing the federal guarantee systems mentioned inarticle L. 111-6 of the Mutual Code, as well as the group mutual insurers mentioned in article L. 111-4-2 of the same code;

4° (repealed)

5° The provident institutions and unions governed by Title 3 of Book 9 of the Social Security Code, as well as the social protection insurance group companies mentioned in Article L. 931-2-2 of the same code;

6° Insurance group companies and mixed insurance group companies referred to inArticle L. 322-1-2 of the Insurance Code;

7° (Deleted) ;

8° The securitisation vehicles mentioned inArticle L. 310-1-2 of the Insurance Code;

9° The supplementary professional retirement funds mentioned in article L. 381-1 of the Insurance Code;

10° Mutual insurers or unions for supplementary professional retirement mentioned in article L. 214-1 of the Mutual Code;

11° Institutions for supplementary occupational retirement mentioned in article L. 942-1 of the Social Security Code;

12° Approved professional associations referred to in I of article L. 513-3 of the French Insurance Code.

II - The AMF may subject to its supervision :

1° Any person who has received an underwriting or management mandate from an organisation engaged in insurance transactions, or who subscribes to a group insurance contract, or who engages, in any capacity whatsoever, in insurance or reinsurance intermediation as referred to inArticle L. 511-1 of the Insurance Code;

2° Any person who mediates, directly or indirectly, between an organisation mentioned in 3° or 4° of B and a person wishing to join or become a member of this organisation;

2° bis Any person who mediates, directly or indirectly, between an organisation referred to in 10° of B of I and a person wishing to join or become a member of that organisation;

3° Any intermediary in banking transactions and payment services;

4° Any intermediary in participative financing.

Where it has supervised one of the persons mentioned in 1° to 4° of this II, Section 2 of Chapter III of this Title shall apply.

III.The Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution is responsible for ensuring that the persons mentioned in I and II operating in France under the freedom to provide services or the freedom of establishment, or performing obligations arising from contracts concluded under either of these regimes, comply with the provisions applicable to them, taking into account the supervision exercised by the competent authorities of the Member State in which they have their head office, which are solely responsible for examining their financial situation, operating conditions, solvency, liquidity and their ability to meet at all times their commitments to their policyholders, members, beneficiaries and reinsured undertakings.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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