Subsection 2: Operations

Articles in this section · 7

Article L513-4

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I. - Exposures to the public entities referred to in Article L. 513-2 are assets, such as loans, or off-balance sheet commitments to or fully guaranteed by the entities listed below:

1. Central governments, central banks, public institutions, local authorities or groups thereof of a Member State of the European Union;

2. Central governments or central banks of non-EU Member States with the highest credit quality rating established by an external credit assessment body recognised by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution in accordance with Article L. 511-44;

3. International organisations referred to in Article 118 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of 26 June 2013, multilateral development banks referred to in Article 117(2) of the same Regulation and other international organisations and multilateral development banks benefiting from the best credit quality step established by an external credit assessment institution recognised by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution in accordance with Article L. 511-44;

4. Public institutions and local authorities or their groupings from States that are neither members of the European Union nor parties to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, where exposures to such persons are assigned, for the purposes of determining capital requirements, the same weighting as claims granted to central governments, central banks or credit institutions, or are fully guaranteed by such persons, and where they benefit from the highest level of credit quality established by an external credit assessment institution recognised by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution in accordance with Article L. 511-44 ;

5. Central governments and central banks of States that are not members of the European Union, public institutions and local authorities or groupings mentioned in 2, 3 and 4 above benefiting from the second highest level of credit quality established by an external credit assessment body recognised by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution in accordance with Article L. 511-44.

II. - Exposures to public entities include in particular:

1. Debt securities issued or fully guaranteed by one or more of the public entities referred to in 1 to 5 of I;

2. Claims for sums of money, including those resulting from a contract for successive performance, on the public bodies mentioned in 1 to 5 of I or fully guaranteed by one or more of these public bodies;

3. Claims arising from leasing contracts or equivalent contracts to which the public entities mentioned in 1 to 5 of I are party as lessee or tenant, or claims arising from leasing contracts or equivalent contracts fully guaranteed by one or more of these public entities. Sociétés de crédit foncier acquiring receivables arising from a leasing contract may also acquire all or part of the receivable arising from the sale of the leased property.

III. - A Conseil d'Etat decree specifies the terms and conditions and, where applicable, the limits for taking into account the exposures mentioned in I subject to a credit assessment by an external credit assessment body recognised by the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution in accordance with Article L. 511-44.

Mariela Petrova

Need help applying this article to your situation?

A registered French Lawyer explains what applies to your business — in English, fixed fee.

within 48h

Fixed Fee

Talk to a lawyer
Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

Ready When You Are

Talk To A Corporate
Lawyer In France.

A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.

First EngagementFixed Fee

Talk to a French lawyer.

Reply within 24 hours.

Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

Continue Reading

Related corporate services in France

01 / Setup

Setting up a French company

Choose between SAS, SARL, SA or SCI — and structure your first French entity around how you actually plan to operate.

Read More
02 / Operating

French commercial contracts

Distribution, agency, supply, services and IP licences — drafted around the protections French law actually gives.

Read More
03 / Disputes

Business disputes & litigation

Shareholder conflicts, commercial breaches and pre-litigation strategy — handled by the same team that knows the file.

Read More