TITLE V: Powers of investigation.

Articles in this section · 14

Article L450-1

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I.-The officers of the Competition Authority's investigation departments authorised for this purpose by the general rapporteur may carry out any investigation necessary for the application of the provisions of Titles II and III of this Book.

They may also, for the application of Title VI of this Book, implement the powers of investigation defined in Article L. 450-3.

In the event that investigations are conducted in the name of or on behalf of a competition authority of another Member State, pursuant to Article 22(1) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the general rapporteur of the Autorité de la concurrence shall authorise officials of the competition authority of the other Member State to actively assist the officials mentioned in the previous paragraph in their investigations, under the supervision of the latter.

The terms and conditions of such assistance shall be laid down by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

II.-Civil servants authorised for this purpose by the Minister for the Economy may carry out the investigations necessary for the application of the provisions of this book.

II bis.-Category A civil servants specially authorised for this purpose by the Minister of Justice, on the proposal, as appropriate, of the Minister responsible for the economy or the general rapporteur of the Competition Authority, may receive letters rogatory from investigating judges.

III.-The agents mentioned in I and II may exercise the powers they hold under this article and the following articles throughout the national territory.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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