Section 1: Takeover bids and public exchange offers

Articles in this section · 4

Article L433-1-2

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I. - If, at the close of a public offer referred to in this Section or in Section 2 of this Chapter, the person who filed the draft offer, acting alone or in concert within the meaning ofArticle L. 233-10 of the Commercial Code, does not hold a number of shares representing more than half of the capital or voting rights, the offer shall lapse automatically. The General Regulation of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers shall set out the conditions and cases of application of this I.

II. - Where a bid referred to in section 2 of this chapter lapses pursuant to I of this article, the person who filed the draft bid, acting alone or in concert within the meaning of article L. 233-10 of the Commercial Code, shall be deprived, for any general meeting held until such time as he holds the number of shares referred to in I of this article, of the voting rights attached to the shares he holds in the company for the quantity exceeding :

1° The threshold of three-tenths of the capital or voting rights, if the draft offer has been filed by a person, acting alone or in concert within the meaning of Article L. 233-10 of the Commercial Code, who has exceeded, directly or indirectly, the threshold of three-tenths of the capital or voting rights;

2° Or the number of shares it held prior to crossing the threshold of one hundredth of the capital or voting rights referred to in the first paragraph of I of Article L. 433-3 of this Code, in the event that the draft offer was filed by a person, acting alone or in concert within the meaning of Article L. 233-10 of the Commercial Code, holding, directly or indirectly, between three-tenths and half of the capital or voting rights and who, in less than twelve consecutive months, has increased his holding by at least one-hundredth of the company's capital or voting rights.

III. - Any person, acting alone or in concert within the meaning of article L. 233-10 of the Commercial Code, who has filed an offer as referred to in section 2 of this chapter or who holds, directly or indirectly, between three-tenths and one-half of the capital or voting rights and who has filed an offer as referred to in this section, whose offer has lapsed pursuant to I of this article, may not increase its holding of capital or voting rights unless it informs the Autorité des marchés financiers and files a draft public offer to acquire a specified quantity of the company's securities. Failure to do so will result in the loss of the voting rights attached to the shares held in excess of the initial shareholding or voting rights.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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