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Article L4031-2

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The members of the regional unions of healthcare professionals are elected, for a term set by decree, by healthcare professionals in private practice under the conventional system, by proportional list voting with the highest average.

All voters are eligible. The lists of candidates are presented by health profession trade union organisations that have been in existence for at least two years from the legal filing of their articles of association and are present on national territory in at least half of the départements and half of the regions.

The electorate of each regional union of healthcare professionals is made up of the members of the profession concerned practising in the region.

The electors of the regional union of doctors are divided into two colleges comprising respectively :

1° General practitioners ;

2° Specialist doctors.

By way of derogation from the first paragraph, for professions whose number of members practising on a self-employed basis under the contractual system on national territory does not exceed a certain threshold, provision may be made, under conditions laid down by decree, for the representatives of these professions in the regional unions of health professionals to be appointed by the trade union organisations recognised as representative at national level pursuant to article L. 162-33 of the Social Security Code.

Unless otherwise stipulated, the procedures for applying this article, in particular the organisation and funding of elections for members of the regional unions of health professionals, are set by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

Mariela Petrova

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Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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