Subsection 1: Powers and organisation for the protection of copyright and related rights

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Article L331-12

French Intellectual Property CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique is responsible for:


1° A mission to protect works and objects to which are attached a copyright, a related right or an audiovisual exploitation right mentioned in Article L. 333-10 of the Sports Code, with regard to infringements of these rights committed on electronic communications networks used for the provision of online public communication services.


It conducts awareness-raising and prevention initiatives aimed at all sections of the public, particularly schools and universities;


2° A mission to encourage the development of legal supply and to monitor the legal and illegal use of works and objects protected by copyright, a related right or an audiovisual exploitation right mentioned in the same article L. 333-10 on electronic communications networks used for the provision of online public communication services;


> A mission to regulate and ensure the protection of copyright and related rights in the digital environment 3° A regulatory and monitoring role in the field of technical protection and identification measures for protected works and objects. As part of these tasks, the authority shall take all measures, in particular by adopting recommendations, guides to good practice, models and standard clauses as well as codes of conduct designed to promote, on the one hand, public information on the existence of the security measures referred to in Article L. 331-20 of this code and, secondly, the signing of voluntary agreements likely to contribute to remedying infringements of copyright and related rights or audiovisual exploitation rights mentioned in Article L. 333-10 of the Sports Code on electronic communications networks used for the provision of online public communication services.


The authority shall evaluate the effectiveness of the measures taken to ensure that the public is informed of the existence of the security measures mentioned in Article L. 331-20 of this code. The authority assesses the effectiveness of the agreements that have been concluded. To this end, it may request from the parties any useful information relating to their implementation. It may make recommendations to promote the conclusion of such agreements and proposals to alleviate any difficulties encountered in their implementation or at the stage of their conclusion.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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