Section 3: Shareholdings in companies

Articles in this section · 2

Article L3231-6

French General Code of Local AuthoritiesIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

All shareholdings in the capital of a commercial company or any other profit-making body whose purpose is not to operate departmental services or activities of general interest under conditions similar to those provided for, in the case of communes, by article L. 2253-2. By way of derogation from this article, a département may, by deliberation of its deliberative body, hold shares in a société anonyme or a société par actions simplifiée whose corporate purpose is the production of renewable energy or renewable or low-carbon hydrogen as defined in article L. 811-1 of the Energy Code, through facilities located in its territory or in neighbouring territories. These shares may be acquired by acquiring holdings in the capital of commercial companies whose sole purpose is to hold the shares of the companies mentioned in the second sentence of this article. The département may grant loans to companies producing renewable energy or renewable or low-carbon hydrogen as defined in article L. 811-1 of the Energy Code, in which it directly participates, current account advances at market prices and under the conditions provided for in Article L. 1522-5. By way of derogation from the conditions laid down in the same Article L. 1522-5, the duration of current account advances may be extended by the department to seven years, renewable once, when the energy produced by the production facilities benefits from the support provided for in Articles L. 311-12, L. 314-1, L. 314-18, L. 446-2, L. 446-5, L. 446-14 or L. 446-15 of the Energy Code. In the latter case, by way of derogation from the conditions laid down in article L. 1522-5 of the present code, the advance may be granted if the total amount of the advances granted by the département to all the companies in which it is a shareholder does not exceed, with this new advance, 15% of the actual revenue of the operating section of the département's budget. Subsequent advances granted by the department to all the companies of which it is a shareholder may not have the effect of raising their total amount above the 15% threshold.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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