Section 1: Prevention

Articles in this section · 5

Article L232-2

French Sports CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The athlete shall declare his status at the time of any medical consultation which gives rise to a prescription.

Athletes taking part in or preparing for the events mentioned in 1° of I of article L. 230-3 and whose state of health requires the use of a substance or method on the list of prohibited substances mentioned in the last paragraph of article L. 232-9 may submit requests for therapeutic use exemptions to the French Anti-Doping Agency.

The presence in an athlete's sample, the use or attempted use, possession, administration or attempted administration, as part of a treatment prescribed to an athlete by a health professional, of one or more methods or one or more substances included on the list of prohibited substances mentioned in the same article L. 232-9, their metabolites or their markers does not give rise to any disciplinary or criminal sanction against the athlete if it complies with:

either a Therapeutic Use Exemption granted to the athlete by the Agency or by a foreign National Anti-Doping Organisation ;

-a Therapeutic Use Exemption granted to the athlete by an organisation responsible for a major international sporting event as referred to in 4° of I of article L. 230-2 or by an international federation and whose validity is recognised by the Agency in accordance with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions set out in Annex II of the International Convention referred to in article L. 230-2;

- a Therapeutic Use Exemption which the World Anti-Doping Agency has recognised as valid or which it has issued;

Therapeutic use exemptions are granted by the Agence française de lutte contre le dopage (French Anti-Doping Agency), after receiving the assent of a committee of experts reporting to it. This committee is made up of at least three doctors.

The substances and methods for which a Therapeutic Use Exemption may be granted to justify their presence in an athlete's sample, their use or attempted use, their possession, their administration or attempted administration are those included on the list of prohibited substances mentioned in the last paragraph of article L. 232-9.

The French Anti-Doping Agency is not obliged to rule on applications for a Therapeutic Use Exemption submitted by the persons mentioned in 3° of article L. 232-2-1, except when these applications are made following the information provided for in article L. 232-21-1.

The French Anti-Doping Agency withdraws the decision it has taken regarding Therapeutic Use Exemptions and replaces it with that of the World Anti-Doping Agency when the latter, in application of the World Anti-Doping Code, has taken a different decision.

The conditions for issuing Therapeutic Use Exemptions are set by decree.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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