Subsection 2: Provisions relating to securities giving access to the capital.

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Article L228-99

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The company called upon to allot the equity securities or securities giving access thereto must take the measures necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the rights thus created if it decides to issue, in any form whatsoever, new equity securities with preferential subscription rights reserved for its shareholders, to distribute reserves, in cash or in kind, and share premiums or to change the allocation of its profits by creating preference shares.

To this end, it must:

1° Either put the holders of these rights in a position to exercise them, if the period provided for in the contract of issue has not yet begun, so that they can immediately participate in or benefit from the transactions mentioned in the first paragraph;

2° Or take the measures that will enable them, if they exercise their rights at a later date, to subscribe for the new securities issued on an irreducible basis, or to obtain an allotment thereof free of charge, or to receive cash or assets similar to those distributed, in the same quantities or proportions and on the same terms, except as regards entitlement to dividends, as if they had been shareholders at the time of these transactions ;

3° Or adjust the subscription conditions, conversion bases, terms of exchange or allotment initially provided for so as to take account of the impact of the transactions referred to in the first paragraph.

Unless otherwise stipulated in the issue contract, the company may simultaneously take the measures provided for in 1° and 2°. In all cases, it may replace them with the adjustment authorised in 3°. This adjustment is organised by the contract of issue when the equity securities are not admitted to trading on a regulated market.

The issue contract may provide for additional protective measures for all holders of securities giving access to equity securities.

Where there are securities giving access to the capital, the company called upon to issue these equity securities must proceed, when it acquires its own shares under the conditions provided for in articles L. 225-207, L. 225-208 or L. 225-209, and if the acquisition price is higher than the stock market price, to an adjustment of the subscription conditions, conversion bases, terms of exchange or allotment initially provided for, so as to guarantee that the value of the equity securities that will be obtained in the event of the exercise of the rights attached to the securities giving access to the capital after the completion of the transaction will be identical to the value of the equity securities that would have been obtained in the event of the exercise of the same rights prior to this transaction.

The conditions for the application of this article shall be laid down by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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