Section 2: Shares.

Articles in this section · 33

Article L228-12

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I.-The Extraordinary General Meeting of shareholders has sole authority to decide on the issue and conversion of preference shares in the light of a special report by the statutory auditors. It may delegate this power under the conditions set out in Articles L. 225-129 to L. 225-129-6.

The terms and conditions for the conversion of preference shares may also be set out in the Articles of Association.

At any time during the current financial year and at the latest at the first meeting following the end of the financial year, the Board of Directors or the Management Board shall note, if applicable, the number and nominal amount of shares resulting from the conversion of preference shares, during the past financial year, and shall make the necessary amendments to the clauses of the Articles of Association relating to the amount of the share capital and the number of securities comprising it.

The Chairman of the Management Board or the Chief Executive Officer may, by delegation of the Management Board or the Board of Directors, carry out these operations at any time during the financial year and at the latest within the period set by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

II.-Preference shares may be bought back under the terms and conditions set out in articles L. 225-204 to L. 225-214.

III.-Where the Articles of Association creating a class of preference shares have provided for the principle of redemption prior to their subscription and have organised the terms and conditions thereof, in addition to the conditions mentioned in articles L. 225-210 to L. 225-212, the conditions set out below:

1° The acquisition may only be made using distributable sums within the meaning of article L. 232-11 or of the proceeds of a new issue of equity securities made with a view to this buyback;

2° The value of the reserve referred to in the third paragraph of Article L. 225-210 is calculated by reference to the nominal value of the preference shares bought back alone. Except in the event of a reduction in subscribed capital, this reserve may not be distributed to shareholders. It may only be used to increase the capital by capitalising reserves;

3° Where the Articles of Association provide for the payment of a premium to shareholders following the buyback, this premium may only be deducted from distributable sums within the meaning of Article L. 232-11 or from a reserve set aside for this purpose other than that provided for in the previous paragraph. Except in the event of a reduction in subscribed capital, this reserve may not be distributed to shareholders. It may only be used to increase the subscribed capital by capitalisation of reserves, to cover the costs of issuing preference shares or to pay a premium in favour of the holders of redeemable preference shares;

4° In companies whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market, redemption is at the sole initiative of the company or at the joint initiative of the company and the holder of the preference share. In companies whose shares are not admitted to trading on a regulated market, the Articles of Association shall determine, prior to subscription, whether the repurchase may take place on the sole initiative of the company, on the joint initiative of the company and the holder or on the sole initiative of the holder, in accordance with the conditions and time limits they specify;

5° In no case may these transactions affect the equality of shareholders who are in the same situation.

Mariela Petrova

Need help applying this article to your situation?

A registered French Lawyer explains what applies to your business — in English, fixed fee.

within 48h

Fixed Fee

Talk to a lawyer
Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

Ready When You Are

Talk To A Corporate
Lawyer In France.

A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.

First EngagementFixed Fee

Talk to a French lawyer.

Reply within 24 hours.

Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

Continue Reading

Related corporate services in France

01 / Setup

Setting up a French company

Choose between SAS, SARL, SA or SCI — and structure your first French entity around how you actually plan to operate.

Read More
02 / Operating

French commercial contracts

Distribution, agency, supply, services and IP licences — drafted around the protections French law actually gives.

Read More
03 / Disputes

Business disputes & litigation

Shareholder conflicts, commercial breaches and pre-litigation strategy — handled by the same team that knows the file.

Read More