Subsection 3: Provisions common to corporate officers of sociétés anonymes.

Articles in this section · 4

Article L225-94-1

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Without prejudice to the provisions of articles L. 225-21, L. 225-54-1, L. 225-67, L. 225-77 et L. 225-94, a natural person may not simultaneously hold more than five offices as chief executive officer, member of the management board, sole chief executive officer, director or member of the supervisory board of public limited companies having their registered office in France. For the purposes of these provisions, the fact that a director holds the position of Chief Executive Officer is counted as a single term of office. This number is reduced to three for corporate offices held in companies whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market by persons holding the office of Chief Executive Officer, member of the Management Board or sole Chief Executive Officer in a company whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market and which employs at least five thousand permanent staff in the company and its subsidiaries, direct or indirect, whose registered office is located on French territory, or at least ten thousand permanent employees in the company and its direct or indirect subsidiaries, whose registered office is located on French territory and abroad.

As an exception to the above provisions, directorships or supervisory board memberships in companies that are controlled, within the meaning of article L. 233-16, by the company in which a mandate under the first paragraph is held.

By way of derogation from the second paragraph, directorships or supervisory board membership held by the managing director, members of the management board or sole managing director of companies whose principal activity is to acquire and manage equity interests, within the meaning of Article L. 233-2, in companies that constitute shareholdings.

Any natural person who finds himself in breach of the provisions of this article must resign from one of his offices within three months of his appointment, or from the office in question within three months of the event that led to the disappearance of one of the conditions set out in the second and third paragraphs. On expiry of this period, the director is deemed to have resigned, as the case may be, either from the new office or from the office no longer fulfilling the conditions set out in the second and third paragraphs, and must return any remuneration received, without the validity of the deliberations in which he took part being called into question as a result.

If the director resigns within this period, he is deemed to have resigned, as the case may be, either from the new office or from the office no longer fulfilling the conditions set out in the second and third paragraphs.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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