Subsection 1: General rules.

Articles in this section · 5

Article L213-6-3

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I. - Subject to the provisions of III, the contract for the issue of bonds whose nominal value on issue is at least equal to an amount set by decree of the Conseil d'Etat may provide that all or some of the legislative and regulatory provisions relating to the bondholders' group, the representatives of the group and the general meetings of bondholders do not apply to them. In this case, the contract for the issue of the bonds organises the representation of the bondholders and lays down the quorum and majority rules applicable to their decisions.

The provisions of the previous paragraph also apply when the bonds issued can only be acquired for an amount per investor and per transaction at least equal to an amount set by decree by the Conseil d'Etat.

In the cases provided for in the two preceding paragraphs, the contract of issue and any other contractual document relating to the issue of the bonds, their financial servicing or their hedging may be drawn up in a language other than French that is customary in financial matters.

II. - The contract of issue may also stipulate the conditions under which bondholders may vote with other creditors, subject to prior agreement with them.

III. - Where the contract of issue provides for the appointment of one or more bondholder representatives or the agent referred to in IV, the provisions of articles L. 228-49, L. 228-62 and L. 228-63 of the French Commercial Code shall apply.

IV. - In the absence of a general body of shareholders and a representative, when the issuer is involved in a merger, demerger, capital reduction not motivated by losses or, if it is incorporated as a European Company, a transfer of its registered office to another Member State, the bondholders benefit from the same rights as non-bondholder creditors.

The contract of issue may stipulate that bondholders appoint an agent to represent them if the issuer is subject to one of the procedures of Book VI of the Commercial Code or similar procedures under foreign law. This agent shall declare the bondholders' claims.

V. - The issuer may amend the contract for the issue of the bonds referred to in I without the consent of the bondholders in order to correct a material error.

VI. - The provisions of this article do not apply to bonds giving access to capital securities to be issued, or to securities issued by the French State.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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