Chapter IV: Miscellaneous provisions

Articles in this section · 6

Article L144-1

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The Banque de France may enter into direct contact with companies and professional groups that are willing to participate in its surveys. These companies and professional groups may provide the Banque de France with information on their financial situation.

The Banque de France may communicate all or part of the information it holds on the financial situation of companies to other central banks to other institutions entrusted with a mission similar to those entrusted to it in France to regional councils when they grant public aid to companies, to the tax authorities for their economic mission, to State economic or financial administrations involved in preventing and dealing with company difficulties, to credit and financial institutions, in particular finance companies, insurance companies, supplementary occupational pension funds, mutual insurance companies, supplementary occupational pension funds or unions, supplementary occupational pension institutions and provident institutions investing in loans and similar securities under the conditions laid down, respectively, by the Insurance Code, the Mutual Insurance Code and the Social Security Code, portfolio management companies, intermediaries in participative financing when they act as intermediaries within the meaning of article L. 548-1 for lending transactions, whether against payment or free of charge, and to providers of participative financing services.

It may also communicate this information to the body mentioned in the first paragraph of article L. 432-2 of the Insurance Code and to insurance companies authorised, under the conditions laid down by the Insurance Code, to carry out credit insurance or guarantee operations in France, provided that their operations are aimed at companies.

It establishes in advance the procedures for communicating this information and lays down the reporting obligations and confidentiality rules applicable to the entities mentioned in the second and third paragraphs when they grant loans or public aid, invest in loans and similar securities or carry out credit insurance or guarantee operations.

The risk rating methods and models of the insurance undertakings referred to in the third paragraph are transmitted to the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution.

A decree, issued after consultation with the Banque de France, sets out the terms and conditions for the application of the second and fourth paragraphs to the entities mentioned in the second paragraph, other than central banks and similar entities, credit institutions and financial institutions.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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