Chapter VI: Provisions applicable to the search for and referencing of plastic, graphic or photographic works of art

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Article L136-4

French Intellectual Property CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I.-The remuneration due for the reproduction and representation of plastic, graphic or photographic works of art by automated image referencing services is based on the revenue from exploitation or, failing that, assessed on a flat-rate basis in the cases provided for in Article L. 131-4.

The scale and terms of payment of this remuneration are set by means of an agreement between the approved bodies for the management of rights in plastic, graphic or photographic works of art and the organisations representing the operators of automated image referencing services.

The duration of these agreements is limited to five years.

II.-In the absence of an agreement reached within six months of the publication of the Conseil d'Etat decree provided for in Article L. 136-3, or if no agreement has been reached by the expiry date of a previous agreement, the scale of remuneration and the terms and conditions of payment shall be decided by a commission chaired by a representative of the State and made up, in equal numbers, of representatives of the bodies approved in accordance with the same Article L. 136-3 and representatives of the operators of automated image referencing services.

The organisations required to appoint representatives as members of the commission, as well as the number of people each is required to appoint, are determined by order of the minister responsible for culture.

The committee decides by a majority of the members present. In the event of a tie, the chairman has the casting vote.

The commission's decisions are published in the Official Journal.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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