Section 12: Unjustified geographical blocking

Articles in this section · 1

Article L121-23

French Consumer CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Subject to the provisions of article L. 132-24-1, a trader is prohibited from:


1° Blocking or limiting a consumer's access to its online interface, by using technological or other measures, for reasons relating to the consumer's place of residence on national territory.


A trader shall also be prohibited from redirecting a consumer, for reasons connected with his place of residence, to a version of his online interface which is different from the one he initially wished to access, unless he has expressly given his consent to that effect. Where consumers are redirected after having given their consent, they must continue to be able to easily access the version of the trader's online interface that they initially wanted to access.


The prohibitions set out in the first two paragraphs of this 1° shall not apply where the blocking, limiting of access or redirection is necessary in order to comply with a legal requirement applicable to the trader's activities; in such cases, the trader shall provide a clear and precise explanation to the consumer as to why the blocking, limiting of access or redirection is necessary for compliance purposes;


2° To apply, for reasons connected with the consumer's place of residence on the national territory, different general terms and conditions for the sale of goods or the provision of services in cases where that consumer seeks to :


a) Purchase goods from a trader and those goods are either delivered to a place to which delivery is offered in the trader's general terms and conditions of sale, or collected from a place defined by common agreement between the trader and the consumer and for which the trader offers such an option in his general terms and conditions of sale;


b) Obtaining services provided by a trader by electronic means;


c) Obtaining services from a trader, other than services provided by electronic means, at a location in the geographical area where the trader carries on business.


The prohibitions set out in the first four subparagraphs of this 2° shall not prevent the trader from offering general terms and conditions of sale, in particular net selling prices, which vary from one place to another and which are offered on a non-discriminatory basis to customers residing in a specific geographical area or to certain groups of customers ;


3° To apply, on grounds relating to the location, within the national territory, of the consumer's residence, his payment account, the payment service provider or the issuing of the payment instrument, different conditions to payment transactions carried out by consumers using the means of payment accepted by that professional, where:


a) The payment transaction is made by means of a payment service mentioned in 1° to 7° of II of Article L. 314-1 of the Monetary and Financial Code;


b) Authentication requirements are met pursuant to Article L. 133-4 of the same code;


c) The payment transaction is made in a currency that the professional accepts.


Where justified by objective reasons, the prohibition set out in this 3° shall not prevent the trader from suspending the delivery of the goods or the provision of the service until he receives confirmation that the payment transaction has been duly initiated.

Mariela Petrova

Need help applying this article to your situation?

A registered French Lawyer explains what applies to your business — in English, fixed fee.

within 48h

Fixed Fee

Talk to a lawyer
Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

Ready When You Are

Talk To A Corporate
Lawyer In France.

A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.

First EngagementFixed Fee

Talk to a French lawyer.

Reply within 24 hours.

Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

Continue Reading

Related corporate services in France

01 / Setup

Setting up a French company

Choose between SAS, SARL, SA or SCI — and structure your first French entity around how you actually plan to operate.

Read More
02 / Operating

French commercial contracts

Distribution, agency, supply, services and IP licences — drafted around the protections French law actually gives.

Read More
03 / Disputes

Business disputes & litigation

Shareholder conflicts, commercial breaches and pre-litigation strategy — handled by the same team that knows the file.

Read More