CHAPTER V: External action by local and regional authorities

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Article L1115-4

French General Code of Local AuthoritiesIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Territorial authorities and their groupings may, within the limits of their powers and in compliance with France's international commitments, join a public body governed by foreign law or participate in the capital of a legal entity governed by foreign law in which at least one territorial authority or grouping of territorial authorities of a Member State of the European Union or a Member State of the Council of Europe is a member or participant.

This membership or participation is authorised by order of the State representative in the region. It is the subject of an agreement with all the members joining the public body in question or participating in the capital of the legal entity in question. This agreement sets out the duration, terms and conditions, and financial and control arrangements for this membership or shareholding. The total participation in the capital or costs of a single legal entity governed by foreign law by French territorial authorities and their groupings may not exceed 50% of this capital or these costs.

The agreement provided for in the previous paragraph comes into force as soon as it is transmitted to the State representative under the conditions set out in articles L. 2131-1, L. 2131-2, L. 3131-1, L. 3131-2, L. 4141-1 and L. 4141-2. The articles L. 2131-6, L. 3132-1and L. 4142-1 are applicable to this agreement.

The accounts, certified by a statutory auditor, as well as the activity report of legal entities governed by foreign law in whose capital local authorities and their groupings participate, are attached each year to the budget of these public entities. The same applies to the accounts and activity report of public bodies governed by foreign law to which territorial authorities and their groupings belong. This appendix specifies the amount of the participation of each of these public entities.

The budget of the territorial authorities and their groupings is annexed to the budget of these public entities each year.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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