Section 1: General principles

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Article L1111-6

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Any person over the age of 18 may appoint a trusted support person, who may be a relative, a close friend or the doctor treating them. This person will be consulted in the event that they are unable to express their wishes and receive the necessary information. This person will give an account of the person's wishes. His or her testimony prevails over any other testimony. This designation is made in writing and co-signed by the designated person. It may be reviewed and revoked at any time.

If the patient so wishes, the trusted support person will accompany him or her in any steps he or she takes and attend medical appointments to help him or her make decisions.

Whenever a patient is hospitalised in a healthcare establishment, an army hospital or the Institution Nationale des Invalides (National Invalids Institution), the patient is offered the opportunity to appoint a trusted support person under the conditions set out in this article. This appointment is valid for the duration of the hospitalisation, unless the patient decides otherwise.

As part of the patient's care, the attending doctor shall ensure that the patient is informed of the possibility of appointing a trusted support person and, where appropriate, shall invite the patient to make such an appointment.

When a person is the subject of a legal protection measure with representation relating to the person, he or she may appoint a trusted support person with the authorisation of the judge or the family council if this has been formed. If the trusted support person was appointed prior to the guardianship measure, the family council, where applicable, or the judge may confirm the appointment of this person or revoke it.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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