Section 3: National framework of professional qualifications

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Article D6113-19

French Labour CodeIn force

Updated 1 Nov 2023

I.-The National Vocational Qualifications Framework comprises eight levels of qualification. It specifies the gradation of skills associated with each of these levels.

II-Level 1 of the National Vocational Qualifications Framework corresponds to mastery of basic skills.

III-The other levels of qualification are defined as follows:

1° Level 2 attests to the ability to carry out simple activities and solve everyday problems using simple rules and tools, by mobilising professional know-how in a structured context. The associated professional activity is carried out with a limited degree of autonomy;

2° Level 3 attests to the ability to carry out activities and solve problems by selecting and applying basic methods, tools, materials and information, in a known context, as well as the ability to adapt the means of execution and one's behaviour to the circumstances;

3° Level 4 attests to the ability to carry out activities requiring the mobilisation of a wide range of skills, to adapt existing solutions to solve specific problems, to organise one's work autonomously in contexts that are generally predictable but liable to change, and to participate in the evaluation of activities. The national baccalaureate diploma is classified at this level of the national framework;

4° Level 5 attests to the ability to master know-how in a field of activity, to devise solutions to new problems, to analyse and interpret information, using concepts, and to pass on know-how and methods;

5° Level 6 attests to the ability to analyse and solve unforeseen complex problems in a specific field, to formalise know-how and methods and to capitalise on them. Diplomas conferring the grade of licence are classified at this level of the national framework;

6° Level 7 attests to the ability to devise and implement alternative strategies for the development of professional activity in complex professional contexts, and to assess the risks and consequences of one's activity. Diplomas conferring the grade of master are classified at this level of the national framework;

7° Level 8 attests to the ability to identify and solve complex and new problems involving a number of fields, using the most advanced knowledge and know-how, and to design and manage research and innovation projects and processes. The national doctoral diploma is classified at this level of the national framework.

IV - The criteria relating to knowledge, know-how and levels of responsibility and autonomy provided for in article D. 6113-18 are set, for the levels of qualification mentioned in III, by joint order of the ministers responsible for health, social affairs, vocational training, national education, higher education, culture, agricultural education, sport and the sea.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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