Section II: Valuation of assets

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Article A343-2-1

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I.- Pursuant to Article R. 343-11, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution may request that an expert appraisal be carried out to determine the value of all or part of the assets of undertakings, in particular buildings and shares in property companies belonging to them or on which they have granted a loan or mortgage, as well as forward financial instruments used by undertakings.

The value resulting from the valuation must be included in the assessment of the realisable value of the investments provided for in articles R. 343-11 and R. 343-12.

II.The appraisal of the value of all or part of the assets of undertakings is carried out under the following conditions:

a) The Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution notifies the undertaking, by registered letter, of the list of assets whose value is to be appraised and the name of the appraiser it has chosen for each of them.

b) Within a maximum of fifteen days from the date of dispatch of this letter, the undertaking shall inform the Authority, by registered letter, for each of the aforementioned items, whether it accepts the expert appointed by the Authority as the sole expert, whose conclusion will be binding on both parties, or whether it requests an expert appraisal by both experts, firstly by two experts, the first appointed by the Authority, the second appointed by the undertaking, and then, in the event of disagreement between these two experts, by a third expert, whose conclusion will be binding on both parties.

If the company opts for an assessment by both parties, it will indicate in its response the name, address and qualifications of its expert, and will attach to this response a letter from the expert accepting the assignment and stating that he is prepared to carry it out within the time limit set below.

c) As soon as it has received the response referred to in the two previous paragraphs, the Authority will invite the sole expert or the two experts to carry out the assessment. It will send this opinion to the company.

The expert(s) shall not be required to take an oath.

The companies are required to provide the experts, as soon as they are appointed, and at their request, whether joint or not, with all the means of investigation that the experts deem useful for carrying out their assignment, in particular, in the case of buildings, for visiting the premises and acquainting themselves with the deeds and documents relating to the buildings being appraised.

d) The sole expert or the two experts must submit their conclusions and notify them to the two parties within a maximum period of three months from the date of the Authority's opinion, as set out above.

If there is disagreement between the conclusions of the two experts, the third party expert shall be appointed immediately, either by the authority after agreement between the parties or, failing agreement between the parties, within fifteen days of the submission of the conclusions of the two experts, at the request of the first party, by the president of the judicial court of the location of the registered office or special office for France, or, in the case of transactions carried out in France under the freedom to provide services, of the location of the real estate assets, ruling in summary proceedings on a writ of summons. The third-party expert must submit his conclusions and notify them to both parties within two months of his appointment.

If, after having been appointed in the above-mentioned manner, an expert is prevented from fulfilling his mission within the time limits set, a new appointment is immediately made in the same manner, and the time limits are duly extended. However, if the failing expert is the company's expert, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution may immediately request the President of the Court to appoint a single expert, whose conclusions will be binding on both parties. It may make the same request if it has not received a response to its request for an expert appraisal within the timeframe set out in d above, or if the company's expert has not submitted his report within the timeframe set out in b of this article.

e) The costs of the expert appraisal shall be borne by the companies. The expert(s) shall send to the undertaking, together with their report, a statement of their fees and expenses and shall send a copy to the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution. Within a fortnight of receiving the statement, the company must inform the Authority either that it has made the payment or that it intends to dispute the amount claimed.

Mariela Petrova

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Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

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We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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