Section 3: Publication formalities

Articles in this section · 2

Article A210-2

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

The independent third-party body issues a reasoned opinion which includes the following:

1° Proof of its accreditation;

2° the objectives and scope of the audit;

3° The steps taken by the auditor, mentioning the main documents consulted and the entities or persons audited, and specifying any difficulties encountered in carrying out the audit;

> 4° An assessment, for each objective, of the extent to which the auditor's work has been carried out and the extent to which the auditor's work has been completed 4° An assessment, for each objective referred to in 2° of Article L. 210-10, since the last audit or, failing that, since the date on which the conditions laid down in Article L. 210-10 were met:

a) The resources deployed to achieve the objectives set out in Article L. 210-10; and a) The means used to comply with it;

b) The results achieved at the end of the period covered by the audit, expressed quantitatively where possible in relation to the objective and, where appropriate, to the operational objectives or key monitoring indicators;

c) The adequacy of the resources deployed to meet the objective in the light of the development of business over the period;

> d) Where appropriate, the extent to which the resources deployed are adequate to meet the objective in the light of the development of business over the period. d) Where applicable, the existence of circumstances external to the company that have affected compliance with the objective;

5° In the light of all the elements of its assessment, a reasoned conclusion stating, for each objective mentioned in 2° of Article L. 210-10:

either a) that the company is meeting its objective;

or b) the company does not comply with its objective;

> or c) or that it is impossible for it to conclude.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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