Paragraph 2: Designation of national police judicial police officers

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Article A19

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

The physical organisation of the technical examination tests, which are held in one or more centres, is the responsibility of the police academy in accordance with the directives issued by the Minister of the Interior.

During the tests, candidates may only have :

- codes (which may be annotated by the publisher, but not commented on) ;

- printouts of the Journal officiel (without commentary).

Candidates may not, under penalty of exclusion :

- hold printed or handwritten documents other than those referred to in the preceding paragraphs ;

- use codes or printouts of the Official Journal that are highlighted, underlined, annotated or have tabs, even if they are blank.

Any fraud or attempted fraud in any of the tests will result in a report being drawn up by the invigilator and may lead to the candidate being disqualified by the Chair of the Examining Board and, where appropriate, being banned from taking the examination in subsequent years.

The envelope containing each composition subject is opened in the presence of the candidates at the beginning of the session assigned to the test.

Papers are written solely on paper provided by the police academy.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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