Section 1: General provisions

Articles in this section · 33

Article 197

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The Public Prosecutor notifies each of the parties and their lawyer by registered letter of the date on which the case will be called for hearing. Notification shall be made to the detained person by the head of the prison who shall, without delay, send to the Public Prosecutor the original or copy of the receipt signed by the person. Notification to any non-detained person, to the civil party or to the applicant mentioned in the fifth paragraph of Article 99 shall be made to the last address declared as long as the investigating judge has not closed his investigation.

A minimum period of forty-eight hours in the case of pre-trial detention, and five days in all other cases, must be observed between the date on which the registered letter is sent and the date of the hearing.

During this period, the file of the proceedings, including the prosecution's submissions, is deposited at the registry of the investigating chamber and made available to the lawyers of the accused persons and the civil parties whose constitution has not been contested or, if contested, when it has not been retained. The parties' lawyers or, if they do not have a lawyer, the parties may obtain a copy of these summonses without delay and by simple written request, without prejudice to their right to request a copy of the entire case file pursuant to the fourth paragraph of Article 114. The issue of the first copy of the requisitions is free of charge.

The incomplete nature of the investigating chamber's file does not constitute a ground for nullity as long as the parties' lawyers have access to the entire file held at the investigating judge's registry. If the Examining Magistrate's Chamber is informed that documents are missing, it will postpone the hearing to a later date if it appears to it that knowledge of these documents is essential to the examination of the application or appeal submitted to it.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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